Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from common centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) aerial parts using aqueous propylene-glycol and ethanol

[V. G. Nikolić]

119 listova

Biografija autora: list [123]. Bibliografija: list. 102-119.

Chemistry and chemical technologies

Due to the growing demand for natural-origin products, the tendency to design such products is particularly prominent in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Generally recognized as safe, various products derived from mountain herbs (extracts, tinctures, medicinal wines, etc.) are considered desirable for consumption but also serve as natural additives in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic products. Among mountain herbs, centaury has attracted significant interest due to its centuries-long use in traditional medicine and phytopharmacy. The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the extraction of compounds from the aerial parts of centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Gentianaceae) ultrasound-assisted extraction in environmentally friendly solvent systems—water/propylene-glycol and water/ethanol. The study includes the optimization of extraction conditions (alcohol concentration, solvent-to-solid ratio, temperature, and extraction time), as well as the characterization and comparison of the composition of extracts obtained under optimal conditions. Ultrasound-assisted extraction under mild conditions of technological processes achieved a higher efficiency of diffusion of polyphenolic compounds into the selected solvents (water/propylene-glycol and water/ethanol), enhancing the phytochemical content of the extracts while minimizing solvent consumption. Differences in the quantitative composition of extracts obtained under optimal conditions were observed, with the propylene-glycol extract containing a higher concentration of bioactive compounds. Additionally, compared to propylene-glycol, ethanol has a lower boiling point, evaporates more easily, is flammable at a lower temperature, etc. Therefore, the water/propylene-glycol system is recommended as a much safer alternative. It provides an extract with a higher concentration of biologically functional phytochemicals and polyphenolic compounds at lower temperatures, making it a more environmentally friendly option for future industrial applications. Both techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction using aqueous propylene-glycol (UE/aPPG) and ethanol (UE/aEtOH)) and require mild operating conditions, the use of inexpensive, safe, and environmentally friendly solvents, as well as minimal solvent and energy consumption, making both batch technological processes environmentally and economically justified. The obtained extracts can be used for consumption, but also as additives in phytopharmaceutical and phytocosmetic products. Since these extracts can be used in various products as natural active ingredients, the extraction protocols are likely to ensure easy transfer to large-scale production and further use in various industries, especially ensuring cleaner production with reduced environmental impact.

centaurium erythraea, Box-Behnken eksperimentalni dizajn, optimizacija, ultrazvučna ekstrakcija, UHPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS analiza, sekoiridoidni glikozidi, ksantoni, flavonoidi

centaurium erythraea, Box-Behnken experimental design, optimization, Ultrasound-assisted extraction, UHPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS analysis, secoiridoid glycosides, xanthones, flavonoids

66.061:582.923.1:543.5(043.3)

T350

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