The effects of different types of high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic, anaerobic, and muscular fitness parameters of female soccer players

[M. N. Stanković]

120 listova

Biografija: list. 116-117. Bibliografija: list. 104-113.

Scientific disciplines in sports and physical education

Introduction: In the last two decades, women's soccer has developed significantly in terms of quality and quantity. Today, UEFA (2020) has around 1.5 million registered female players in European clubs. In order for such progress to continue and be upgraded, constant investment and professionalism are needed, and the conditions and quality of work are of great importance. There is limited number of scientific research that is specific in the field of physical characteristics of female players and the modern demands of the game. Some authors claim that the literature related to women's soccer will certainly shift the trend in terms of quality and quantity in the future. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to determine whether HIIT with a higher number of turns achieves an advantage in comparison to HIIT without turns and what effects the aforementioned types of high-intensity training will have on parameters of body composition, aerobic, anaerobic and muscular fitness of female soccer players. Method: The sample of participants for the purposes of this research consisted of 30 soccer players from the senior team of ŽFK "Mašinac" from Niš, who play in the highest level of competition, the Super League of Serbia. The study used measuring instruments to assess body composition, aerobic and anaerobic fitness, as well as measuring instruments to assess muscle fitness. A multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device (InBody 770; Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea) was used to assess body composition. The instruments for assessing aerobic, anaerobic and muscular fitness consisted of photo cells (Witty, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) and an optical measuring system (Optojump). The duration of the experimental program was six weeks in the preparatory period, and the trainings took place twice a week. The first group (HIITLIN) did linear HIIT (without changing direction), while the second group (HIITCOD) did HIIT with changing direction. For all variables from the sample, the following measures of central tendency and data dispersion, measures of distribution shape and descriptive statistics were calculated for the entire sample of subjects in both experimental groups. Then, the experimental groups were compared in each variable using an independent T-test. A two-factor univariate mixed-factor analysis of covariance (2x2 ANCOVA model) was used to assess changes between initial and final measurements in each variable. Results: The results indicate equal average progress of both groups in all muscle fitness variables (interaction effect of group and time, p>0.20). Both groups significantly decreased the average time on the Sprint 30 m tests (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=17.90, p<0.001; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=16.17, p<0.001) with the passing time on the 10 m (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=16.17, p<0.001). 1.26)=12.48, p<0.01; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=9.82, p<0.01) and 20 m (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=7.43, p=0.01; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=8.23, p< 0.01), Pro-agility test (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=15.89, p<0.001; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=16.79, p<0.001) and 9-6-3-6-9 test (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=30.53, p<0.001; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=45.47, p<0.001). Also, both groups have a significantly higher average height of jump with preparation (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=15.26, p<0.01; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=25.13, p<0.001), jump with preparation and arm swing (HIITLIN: F (1.26)=19.45, p<0.001; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=16.79, p<0.01) and squat jump (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=6.88, p=0.02; HIITCOD: F(1.26)= 20.32, p<0.001). The results indicate that the experimental groups, on average, changed the result equally on all tests of aerobic and anaerobic fitness (interaction effect of group and time, p>0.07). After the experimental program, the average time on the test repeated sprint groups improved (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=14.86, p<0.01; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=12.63, p<0.01), fatigue index (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=33.69, p<0.001; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=32.80, p<0.001), VO2max level (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=4.69, p=0.04; HIITCOD: F(1.26)= 19.16, p<0.001), speed on the 30-15 test (HIITLIN: F(1.26)=7.80, p=0.01; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=30.18, p<0.001) and maximum aerobic speed (HIITLIN: F(1 , 26)=4.20, p=0.05; HIITCOD: F(1.26)=11.61, p<0.01). The average best time on the repeated sprint test, however, did not change significantly between the initial and final measurements by either HIITLIN (F(1.26)=0.13, p=0.72) or HIITCOD (F(1.26)=0.38, p=0.54). Conclusion: The results obtained in this dissertation indicate that six-week high-intensity interval training in both experimental groups (HIITLIN and HIITCOD) is suitable for the development of aerobic, anaerobic and muscular fitness of female soccer players who perform at the highest level of competition. The results indicate that high-intensity interval training with a change of direction is more suitable for the development of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in female soccer players. When it comes to motor fitness, it is not possible to clearly conclude from the obtained results whether high-intensity interval training with a change of direction has a greater impact compared to linear HIIT.

Performance, women's soccer, speed, strength, endurance, body composition, elite level of competition

Performans, ženski fudbal, brzina, snaga, izdržljivost, telesni sastav, elitni rang takmičenja

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