The effects of pylometric programs on the biomechanical parameters of female athletes

[N. Prvulović]

226 listova

Biografija autora: list 222-223. Bibliografija: list 198-217.

Physical education and sports

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of six-week plyometric exercise programs on the biomechanical parameters of female athletes, and to determine the differences in the effects. 20 subjects from three different sports (athletics, volleyball and basketball) participated in the research, and they were divided into two experimental (E) groups. In the E1 group (n-10, 17.00±.94 years), and in the E2 group (n-10, 16.90±1.10 years). In addition to plyometric exercises, the E1 group trained with exercises based on eccentric contractions-depth landings, and the E2 group with exercises based on concentric contractions-squat jumps. Body composition parameters and morphological characteristics were used to equalize the groups at the initial measurement (BH, BM, BMI, Lean body mass, SMM, FFM, and InBodyScore). Vertical CMJ and horizontal HJ test were used to determine biomechanical parameters and explosive strength. The relative values of the kinetic parameters from the individual phases of the jump and the entire jump were analyzed. Kinematic parameters were also collected from the sagittal plane at CMJ and HJ, and from the frontal plane at CMJ. Five TMG parameters (Tc, Ts, Tr and Td and Dm) were also used. Six muscles of the lower extremities of both legs were analyzed, (muscle Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Gastrocnemius lateralis and Gastrocnemius medialis). The speed evaluation parameters were the results of the sprint test time at 10m and 20m. T-test was used to determine the differences between the initial and final measurements for both E groups. Multivariate analysis of the variance of repeated measurements determined the differences between the initial and final measurements of the E1 and E2 groups. The multivariate analysis of covariance method was used to determine the effects. The results showed that there were no differences between the groups at the initial measurement, while there were differences at the final one. Both programs significantly improved explosive power, speed and biomechanical parameters. Based on the results of the differences in effects, it is concluded that the plyometric program with eccentric contractions-depth landings leads to greater effects in the height of the CMJ and the length of the HJ jump as well as better times in the longer part of the 20m sprint test (p< .05). Partial differences are observed in the kinetic parameters of the individual phases of both test jumps, as well as the lower position of the hip joint during the CMJ jump which led to better contractile abilities of the muscles of the left lower leg extensor Vastus lateralis and Vastus medialis, right leg flexor Biceps femoris, and extensor of the right foot Gastrocnemius medialis. The reason for such TMG results is not entirely clear.

pliometrija, biomehanika, kinetika, kinematika, tenziomiografija, brzina, eksplozivna snaga, atletika, košarka, odbojka

plyometrics, biomechanics, kinetics, kinematics, tensiomyography, speed, explosive power, athletics, basketball, volleyball

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