Title
Uticaj kosolvenata na etanolizu suncokretovog ulja katalizovanoj kalcijum-oksidom: doktorske disertacije
Creator
Đokić Stojanović, Dušica R.,
CONOR:
80010249
Copyright date
2021
Object Links
Select license
Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno-Bez prerade 3.0 Srbija (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
License description
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Language
Serbian
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 28.12.2021.
Other responsibilities
predsednik komisije
Veljković, Vlada
Academic Expertise
Tehničko-tehnološke nauke
University
Univerzitet u Nišu
Faculty
Tehnološki fakultet
Group
Katedra za hemijske nauke
Alternative title
Influence of consolvents on the sunflower oil ethanolysis catalysed by calcium oxide
Publisher
[D. R. Đokić-Stojanović]
Format
96 listova
description
Bibliografija: listovi 91-93.
description
Chemistry and Chemical Technologies
Abstract (en)
In this dissertation, the influence of different organic solvents (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, triethylamine, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) as cosolventethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcinated CaO. Ethanolysis was performed as a heterogeneous base-catalyzed process in which calcinated CaO in a stirred batch reactor was used as a catalyst. The reaction conditions were: temperature 70 °C, ethanol:oil molar ratio 12:1, catalyst concentration 1.374 mol·dm-3 and cosolvent amount 20% by weight of oil. Without cosolvent, the reaction is relatively slow, because the EEMK content of 89.7 ± 1.73% was obtained only after 4 h of reaction. Of the cosolvents used, only diethanolamine, triethanolamine and ethylene glycol had a positive effect on the rate of ethanolysis reaction, with the use of triethanolamine and ethylene glycol achieved the highest EEMK content of 93.1±2.1 and 94.1± 1.5%, respectively, after 0,5 h reaction. Based on the experimental results, triethanolamine and the cosolvent that had the greatest positive effect on the rate of the transesterification reaction of the safety profile were selected, triethanolamine was selected as the best cosolvent of the reaction ethanolysis reaction catalyzed by CaO.
The reaction with triethanolamine was optimized with respect to temperature (61,6-78,4 °C), ethanol:oil molar ratio (7:1-17:1) and cosolvent amount (3-36%, by weight of oil) using a central composite rotatable experimental design (RCCD) in combination with a response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions are: molar ratio ethanol:oil 9:1, temperature 75 °C and cosolvent amount 30% ( to the mass of oil), where the predicted value of EEMK content after only 20 min of reaction was 98,8%, while the experimentally obtained value was 97,9 ± 1,3%. High EEMK contents were also obtained during the application of expired sunflower oil, hemp oil and waste lard. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to understand the structural changes of CaO catalysts. The CaO catalyst could be used without any additional treatment in two consecutive cycles. Due to the leaching of calcium into the product, an additional purification process must be included in the entire production process.
Authors Key words
Etanoliza, etil-estri masnih kiselina, kalcijum-oksid, kosolventi, optimizacija, šaržni proces, transesterifikacija, trietanolamin, XRD
Authors Key words
batch process Ethanolysis, fatty acid ethyl esters, calcium oxide, cosolvents, optimization;, transesterification, triethanolamine, XRD
Classification
66.063:66.097]:662.756.3(043.3)
Subject
T 350
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
In this dissertation, the influence of different organic solvents (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, triethylamine, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) as cosolventethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcinated CaO. Ethanolysis was performed as a heterogeneous base-catalyzed process in which calcinated CaO in a stirred batch reactor was used as a catalyst. The reaction conditions were: temperature 70 °C, ethanol:oil molar ratio 12:1, catalyst concentration 1.374 mol·dm-3 and cosolvent amount 20% by weight of oil. Without cosolvent, the reaction is relatively slow, because the EEMK content of 89.7 ± 1.73% was obtained only after 4 h of reaction. Of the cosolvents used, only diethanolamine, triethanolamine and ethylene glycol had a positive effect on the rate of ethanolysis reaction, with the use of triethanolamine and ethylene glycol achieved the highest EEMK content of 93.1±2.1 and 94.1± 1.5%, respectively, after 0,5 h reaction. Based on the experimental results, triethanolamine and the cosolvent that had the greatest positive effect on the rate of the transesterification reaction of the safety profile were selected, triethanolamine was selected as the best cosolvent of the reaction ethanolysis reaction catalyzed by CaO.
The reaction with triethanolamine was optimized with respect to temperature (61,6-78,4 °C), ethanol:oil molar ratio (7:1-17:1) and cosolvent amount (3-36%, by weight of oil) using a central composite rotatable experimental design (RCCD) in combination with a response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions are: molar ratio ethanol:oil 9:1, temperature 75 °C and cosolvent amount 30% ( to the mass of oil), where the predicted value of EEMK content after only 20 min of reaction was 98,8%, while the experimentally obtained value was 97,9 ± 1,3%. High EEMK contents were also obtained during the application of expired sunflower oil, hemp oil and waste lard. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to understand the structural changes of CaO catalysts. The CaO catalyst could be used without any additional treatment in two consecutive cycles. Due to the leaching of calcium into the product, an additional purification process must be included in the entire production process.
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