Title
Ekstrakcija ulja iz semena konoplje (Cannabis sativa L.) i njegova primena u sintezi biodizela
Creator
Kostić, Milan D. 1987-
Copyright date
2018
Object Links
Select license
Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno-Bez prerade 3.0 Srbija (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
License description
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Language
Serbian
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 28.09.2018.
Other responsibilities
mentor
Stamenković, Olivera
član komisije
Veljković, Vlada 1953-
član komisije
Milojević, Svetomir
Academic Expertise
Tehničko-tehnološke nauke
University
Univerzitet u Nišu
Faculty
Tehnološki fakultet
Group
Katedra za hemijske nauke
Alternative title
Extraction of oil from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) and its application in the biodiesel synthesis
Publisher
[M. D. Kostić]
Format
131 list
description
Bibliografija: listovi 111-127.
description
Chemical Engineering
Abstract (en)
The subject of this doctoral dissertation research was to obtain the oil from hemp seeds and to use it for biodiesel production. The main goals of the dissertation were optimization of operating conditions, kinetics modeling and thermodynamic analysis of maceration process, as well as optimization and modeling of hempseed oil methanolysis reaction kinetics.
In order to determine the dependence of oil yield on process conditions process conditions and modeling the hempseed oil maceration, the response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with 33 full factorial design with replication, as well as artificial neural network combined with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used. The variance analysis (ANOVA) revealed that extraction temperature had the greatest influence on the hempseed oil yield, followed by seed:solvent ratio and extraction time. Optimal extraction conditions determined by RSM (extraction temperature 70 oC, seed:solvent ratio 1:7.9 g/ml and 12.3 min extraction time) and ANN-GA methods (extraction temperature 70 oC, seed:solvent ratio 1:10 g/ml and 10 min extraction time) were very close. The predicted oil yield values determined by second-order polynomial equation and neural network model agreed very well with experimentally obtained values, so both models are acceptable for oil yield prediction in the investigated extraction conditions range. The two kinetic models were used for modeling the kinetics of hempseed oil maceration: simultaneous washing and diffusion (phenomenological model) and instantaneous washing followed by diffusion (simplified phenomenological model). In both cases, good agreement between the predicted and actual hempseed oil yields was obtained, indicated by low mean MRPD (±2.5% in the case of a phenomenological model and ±2.8% in the case of a simplified model). The thermodynamic analysis results of the hempseed oil extraction have shown that the oil extraction was spontaneous, endothermic and irreversible.
For the biodiesel production, hempseed oil was obtained by seed pressing. As the free fatty acids (FFAs) content in the oil was higher than 2%, the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was carried out by a two-stage process including acid-catalyzed esterification of FFAs in the oil followed by base-catalyzed methanolysis of esterified oil. The methanolysis reaction was carried out in the presence of quicklime as a catalyst, at different methanol:oil molar ratios and various amounts of catalyst. According to the ANOVA results, catalyst concentration, reaction time, interaction of the
catalyst concentration and reaction time, as well as the square of reaction time had statistically significant influence on the FAMEs content of hempseed oil, while the effects of methanol:oil molar ratio, its interaction with the two other factors as well as squares of methanol:oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration, were statistically insignificant. The reliability of the model in predicting the FAMEs content was confirmed by appropriate statistical criteria and low MRPD value. The irreversible pseudo-first order kinetic model and model that included the changing mechanism of the reaction and the triacylglycerols mass transfer limitation were applied for modeling the methanolysis reaction kinetics of esterified hempseed oil. The catalyst concentration and the initial methanol concentration had no effect on the apparent rate constant of esterified oil methanolysis reaction, and its value, determined using both kinetic models, was 0.141 min-1. Both kinetic models are reliable in presenting a change in the triacylglycerol conversion degree, but the irreversible pseudo-first-order reaction model is more acceptable because it has a slightly lower MRPD value between the predicted and actual values of FAMEs content.
Authors Key words
Seme konoplje, ekstrakcija, ulje, maceracija, biodizel, negašeni kreč, metanoliza, optimizacija, kinetika
Authors Key words
Hemp seed, extraction, oil, maceration, biodisel, quicklime, methanolysis, optimization, kinetics
Classification
662.756.3 : 677.12
Subject
T350
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
The subject of this doctoral dissertation research was to obtain the oil from hemp seeds and to use it for biodiesel production. The main goals of the dissertation were optimization of operating conditions, kinetics modeling and thermodynamic analysis of maceration process, as well as optimization and modeling of hempseed oil methanolysis reaction kinetics.
In order to determine the dependence of oil yield on process conditions process conditions and modeling the hempseed oil maceration, the response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with 33 full factorial design with replication, as well as artificial neural network combined with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used. The variance analysis (ANOVA) revealed that extraction temperature had the greatest influence on the hempseed oil yield, followed by seed:solvent ratio and extraction time. Optimal extraction conditions determined by RSM (extraction temperature 70 oC, seed:solvent ratio 1:7.9 g/ml and 12.3 min extraction time) and ANN-GA methods (extraction temperature 70 oC, seed:solvent ratio 1:10 g/ml and 10 min extraction time) were very close. The predicted oil yield values determined by second-order polynomial equation and neural network model agreed very well with experimentally obtained values, so both models are acceptable for oil yield prediction in the investigated extraction conditions range. The two kinetic models were used for modeling the kinetics of hempseed oil maceration: simultaneous washing and diffusion (phenomenological model) and instantaneous washing followed by diffusion (simplified phenomenological model). In both cases, good agreement between the predicted and actual hempseed oil yields was obtained, indicated by low mean MRPD (±2.5% in the case of a phenomenological model and ±2.8% in the case of a simplified model). The thermodynamic analysis results of the hempseed oil extraction have shown that the oil extraction was spontaneous, endothermic and irreversible.
For the biodiesel production, hempseed oil was obtained by seed pressing. As the free fatty acids (FFAs) content in the oil was higher than 2%, the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was carried out by a two-stage process including acid-catalyzed esterification of FFAs in the oil followed by base-catalyzed methanolysis of esterified oil. The methanolysis reaction was carried out in the presence of quicklime as a catalyst, at different methanol:oil molar ratios and various amounts of catalyst. According to the ANOVA results, catalyst concentration, reaction time, interaction of the
catalyst concentration and reaction time, as well as the square of reaction time had statistically significant influence on the FAMEs content of hempseed oil, while the effects of methanol:oil molar ratio, its interaction with the two other factors as well as squares of methanol:oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration, were statistically insignificant. The reliability of the model in predicting the FAMEs content was confirmed by appropriate statistical criteria and low MRPD value. The irreversible pseudo-first order kinetic model and model that included the changing mechanism of the reaction and the triacylglycerols mass transfer limitation were applied for modeling the methanolysis reaction kinetics of esterified hempseed oil. The catalyst concentration and the initial methanol concentration had no effect on the apparent rate constant of esterified oil methanolysis reaction, and its value, determined using both kinetic models, was 0.141 min-1. Both kinetic models are reliable in presenting a change in the triacylglycerol conversion degree, but the irreversible pseudo-first-order reaction model is more acceptable because it has a slightly lower MRPD value between the predicted and actual values of FAMEs content.
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