Models for integrated safety system management based on collaborative work

Niš : [G. Janaćković]

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Umnoženo za odbranu. Univerzitet u Nišu, Fakultet zaštite na radu., 2015, dr zaštite na radu, Zaštita životne sredine. Apstrakt ; Summary. Bibliografija: listovi 246-273. Biografija autora: listovi 274-275.

Systems safety and risk

In the last 30 years, we have witnessed significant improvements in safety concept, as well as methods and tools for risk analysis of complex socio-technical systems. However, many studies show that a large number of accidents still happen due to poor organization and management of safety, problems with communication and information exchange, as well as inadequate including of safety processes in the business processes of the organization. In fact, there are a number of systems and processes related to safety that are separated and independently developed in an organization. The result is, often, ineffective safety system. There is evident development of safety lifecycle standards and models. The models of safety lifecycle can contribute to better control of safety if safety processes are integrated with other organizational processes. An integrated view on safety processes leads to greater validation and certification of the entire lifecycle of the organization. Therefore, the lifecycle of an integrated safety system is proposed. An integrated safety system is a unique system that interacts or covers, partially or completely, the following systems and processes: quality system, technical systems, occupational safety systems, fire and environmental protection systems, technological processes, planning processes, risk assessment, maintenance, monitoring and verification (monitoring and audits), training, organizational learning, change management , emergency response, reporting and documentation, as well as the process of managing resources (human, intellectual, material, financial). An integrated safety system integrates the technical systems with human resources, and provides a documented risk management. The efficiency of the integrated safety system is an important aspect of the research. In the process of research, the key performance indicators, their limits and criteria for the integration of these systems and processes are identified. For the analysis of integrated safety system a hierarchical model is applied. It covers three basic criteria: risk, costs and social responsibility. In the context of the criteria, four subcriteria are considered. They describe technical and technological, human, organizational and environmental factors. The term „safety performance” includes a set of indicators that quantitatively or qualitatively describe the specific effects contribution, the results that are achieved in the safety system. Based on them, the following groups of safety performance indicators are selected: general, and specific to a particular industry or activity. Performance indicators define how safety level changes over time, as a result of the actions that have been carried out with the aim of reducing the corresponding risk. The effectiveness of safety is assessed according to the value of safety performance and organisational performance, and it is „measured" by corresponding indicators. Two different classes of safety indicators are considered: activity indicators (indirect indicators or leading indicators), and outcome indicators (direct indicators and lagging indicators). The structure of factors, performance and indicators of occupational safety is presented. As the success factors of the efficient safety system integration, the following factors are identified: compliance of safety procedures with work processes; existence of guidelines for the integration of safety and protection procedures; precise definition of safety levels; exchange of safety knowledge; skills for safety integration; implementation of legal norms and standards; technical support; effective safety reporting; employees' skills in communication and reporting; functionality of supporting technologies for the integration; the existence of mechanisms for continuous safety improvement; efficient management of safety resources and setting priorities; personnel training on coordination and collaboration; maintenance strategies, intensity and cost of integrated safety system; availability of funds and databases on safety outcomes; clear roles in safety management; line management responsibility for safety. During the analysis of safety system control, the following models are identified: safety activity control model, safety lifecycle activity control model, the model of acceptable performance, model of organizational accidents and hybrid models. Hybrid models are recognized as an effective tool for analysing multi-disciplinary nature of the safety system at organizational level, and relevant working framework for risk assessment. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of safety system, it is unavoidable to apply collaborative work in its implementation, development and management. Collaborative work, supported by information technology, provides optimal lifecycle control of an integrated safety system. The proposed model of collaborative work in the integrated safety system contains elements that describe the activities performed by an individual or group, independent or in conjunction with individuals or groups, using existing communication channels, databases and available organizational resources. The models of interaction and success factors of teamwork are presented. The community of practice for safety is described and factors of success are identified. In order to achieve effective management of an integrated safety system, a computer support is needed. Tools used in the process of documentation of safety system as well as decisionmaking are described. The model of documenting in an integrated safety system at the enterprise level is proposed. The practical part of the research was carried out in road construction companies in Serbia. Factors, performance and indicators of safety, as well as a method for ranking and selection of safety indicators based on the evaluations of experts and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is applied to road construction companies in Serbia. The key performance indicators of safety are identified and ranked based on risk analysis. The study confirmed the importance of organizational factors for the quality of the safety system and the dominance of activity indicators: the efficiency level of resource management, the number of safety inspections in practice, the level of safety technologies, monitoring work procedures and reducing the number of high level risk operations. The method of application of key safety performance indicators is proposed for: creation of bases of data, information and knowledge on safety; building models and concepts of safety; better quality of integrated safety system management; as well as decision support and teamwork. The research presented in the dissertation is based on systems approach during the analysis of integrated safety system, as well as the application of multi-criteria methods during the decision making. The value of the research is based on the following results: • performance and criteria for integration of safety systems are obtained; • the safety lifecycle model of integrated safety system is defined; • the algorithm for multi-criteria decision making in safety is developed; • the community of practice for safety is described and key success factors are identified; • the model for reporting and documenting of safety management at organisational level is defined; • tools for multi-criteria analysis of safety system, based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) are created; • the model of collaborative work and the model of the decision support system for safety are proposed. The results of the doctoral dissertation are the original scientific contribution, which is reflected in the way the analysis of the safety system as an integrated system is obtained, with respect to the effects of technology, individuals, organizations and the environment on health and safety, environmental protection and emergency response. The applicability of the integrated safety system is high in large organizations, but also in small and medium organizations, that can pool their limited safety resources in safety communities of practice. The obtained results represent the basis for the creation of web services for the accumulation, storage, use and maintenance of the knowledge base on risk assessment and team decisionmaking support. It can also initiate the research in the field of quantification of the impact of the integrated safety system on the performance of an organization. Doctoral dissertation is the result of years of author’s own research carried out independently and in collaboration with colleagues from the Faculty of occupational safety in Nis, Faculty of electronic engineering in Nis, and The Institute for the quality of working and living environment „1. May”, Nis.

Prevencija udesa, rizik, udes, integrisani sistem zaštite, interaktivni timski rad, modeli upravljanja, upravljanje zasnovano na riziku, višekriterijumsko odlučivanje, računarska podrška.

risk, accident, integrated safety system, collaborative work, control models, risk based management, multi-criteria decision making, computer support.

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